Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) and Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Rupture
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are two important ligaments in the knee joint that provide stability and support. The MCL is located on the inner side of the knee and connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone), while the LCL is situated on the outer side of the knee and connects the femur to the fibula (a smaller bone next to the tibia).
MCL Rupture:
- Direct blow to the outer side of the knee, such as during a tackle in sports like football or rugby.
- Twisting or sudden change in direction, especially when the foot is planted firmly on the ground.
LCL Rupture:
- Direct impact to the inner side of the knee.
- Hyperextension of the knee joint.
- Severe trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident.
MCL Rupture:
- Pain and tenderness on the inner side of the knee.
- Swelling and bruising.
- Feeling of instability or giving way in the knee.
- Difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg.
LCL Rupture:
- Pain and tenderness on the outer side of the knee.
- Swelling and bruising.
- Instability in the knee, particularly during activities that involve side-to-side movements.
- Difficulty bending or straightening the knee.
- Physical examination: An Orthopaedic surgeon or Sports physician will assess the range of motion, stability, and tenderness of the knee joint.
- Imaging tests: X-rays may be used to look for acute fractures, but an MRI is gold standard in looking at the extent of the ligament injury and assess for any associated damage to surrounding structures.
Conservative Management:
- Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to reduce pain and swelling.
- Use of a knee brace or supportive taping to stabilize the joint.
- Physiotherapy exercises to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve range of motion.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and inflammation.
Surgical Intervention:
- Reserved for severe cases or when conservative measures fail to provide relief.
- Surgical repair or reconstruction may be necessary to restore stability to the knee joint.
If left untreated the long-term prognosis can be poor with ongoing instability leading to chronic pain, damage to other structures in the knee and an inability to cope with the demands of day to day life.
When treated appropriately whether it be surgical or non-surgical with a brace and physiotherapy, the outcomes are much better, with a high rate of return to sport / activity.
It is not always possible to completely prevent an injury to the MCL or LCL but there are some measures you can go to in order keep your knee in good shape.
- Maintain good lower body strength and flexibility through regular exercise.
- Use proper techniques during sports activities, including warm-up and cool-down routines.
- Avoid sudden changes in direction or excessive twisting motions that can put stress on the knee ligaments.
MCL and LCL ruptures are common knee injuries that can result from trauma or sudden movements. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimal recovery and to prevent long-term complications. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for these injuries, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their knee health and reduce the risk of future occurrences.
If you have injured your knee and would like to see Dr Shales please make an appointment.
