Chondral repair and reconstruction surgery is a procedure aimed at treating damage to the articular cartilage, which covers the ends of bones within the joints. This type of surgery is typically performed to alleviate pain, improve joint function, and prevent further deterioration of the cartilage.
Chondral repair and reconstruction surgery involve several techniques, including:
- Arthroscopic debridement: Removing damaged cartilage and loose fragments through small incisions using a specialised camera and instruments.
- Microfracture: Creating small holes in the bone to stimulate the growth of new cartilage.
- Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI): Harvesting healthy cartilage cells from the patient, growing them in a lab, and then implanting them into the damaged area.
- Osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS) or mosaicplasty: Transplanting healthy cartilage and bone from another area of the joint to replace the damaged tissue.
Before the surgery, your surgeon will provide specific instructions, which may include:
- Fasting for a certain period before the procedure.
- Stopping certain medications that may increase the risk of bleeding.
- Arranging for someone to drive you home after surgery.
- Pre-operative tests, such as blood tests and imaging scans.
The recovery process varies depending on the type and extent of the surgery but typically includes:
- Pain management with medications prescribed by your surgeon.
- Physiotherapy to regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion.
- Gradual return to normal activities as guided by your surgeon.
- Follow-up appointments to monitor progress and address any concerns.
Rehabilitation is a crucial aspect of chondral repair and reconstruction surgery and may involve:
- Early mobilisation and gentle exercises to promote healing.
- Gradually increasing the intensity and duration of exercises under the guidance of a physiotherapist.
- Using assistive devices such as crutches or braces to support the joint during the healing process.
- Patient education on proper joint mechanics and activity modification to prevent further injury.
Although chondral repair and reconstruction surgery are generally safe, potential risks and complications include:
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Failure of the implanted tissue or graft
- Persistent pain or stiffness in the joint
- Progression of disease resulting in total knee replacement surgery
The outcomes of chondral repair and reconstruction surgery vary depending on several factors, including the severity of the damage, the chosen surgical technique, and the patient's adherence to rehabilitation protocols. In many cases, patients experience reduced pain, improved joint function, and a return to their desired level of activity.
Chondral repair and reconstruction surgery can be an effective treatment option for individuals with damaged articular cartilage in the joints. By addressing the underlying pathology and promoting tissue healing, this surgery aims to improve joint function and quality of life for patients experiencing pain and dysfunction.
Here are a number of the questions we often get asked.
Recovery time varies but may take several months to a year, depending on the type of surgery and individual factors.
Your surgeon may recommend using crutches or a brace temporarily to support the joint and aid in healing.
