Genu valgum, commonly known as "knock knees," is a condition where the knees angle inward and touch each other when the legs are straightened. This results in a large gap between the ankles when the feet are together. It can affect one or both legs and may be present from childhood or develop later in life.
There is are a number of conditions or factors that may lead to knock knees. These include:
1. Normal Development: Genu valgum is a common condition in toddlers and young children as part of normal development. It usually resolves on its own by the age of 7 or 8.
2. Skeletal Disorders: Some skeletal disorders, such as skeletal dysplasia, can contribute to the development of genu valgum.
3. Obesity: Excess weight can put additional stress on the knees, leading to the development of knock knees.
4. Genetics: There may be a genetic component to genu valgum, with a family history of the condition increasing the likelihood of its occurrence.
5. Injury or Trauma: Injuries to the knee or leg, particularly during childhood when the bones are still developing, can lead to genu valgum.
1. Visible Knee Misalignment: The knees appear to angle inward, and there is a noticeable gap between the ankles when the feet are together.
2. Knee Pain: Some individuals with genu valgum may experience knee pain, especially during physical activity or prolonged standing.
3. Difficulty Walking or Running: In severe cases, knock knees can affect a person's gait, leading to difficulty walking or running.
4. Joint Instability: The misalignment of the knees can result in joint instability and an increased risk of injury. Typically the patellofemoral joint is affected with severe genu valgum
A medical professional, such as an Orthopaedic surgeon or paediatrician, can diagnose genu valgum through a physical examination. X-rays may be ordered to assess the severity of the condition and rule out any underlying skeletal disorders.
1. Observation: In many cases, especially in young children, genu valgum may correct itself as the child grows. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is important to track any changes in the condition.
2. Physiotherapy: Specific exercises targeting the muscles around the knees and hips can help improve function and strengthen the supporting muscles. Exercises cannot improve the bony alignment.
3. Bracing: In some cases, especially when genu valgum is associated with skeletal disorders, bracing may be recommended to provide additional support to the knees and promote proper alignment. For physiological valgus (has occurred naturally) bracing is unlikely to be effective.
4. Surgery: In severe cases of genu valgum that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary to realign the bones. This is typically reserved for adolescents or adults with persistent symptoms. The type of surgery offered will depend on the severity of the deformity and the patients age
The prognosis for individuals with genu valgum, commonly known as knock knees, varies depending on factors such as the severity of the condition, age of the individual, and any underlying causes. In many cases, mild forms of genu valgum may improve naturally as a child grows and develops, without the need for medical intervention. However, more severe or persistent cases may require treatment to address discomfort, instability, or cosmetic concerns.
Fortunately, with timely diagnosis and appropriate management, the prognosis for individuals with genu valgum is generally favorable. Non-surgical interventions such as physical therapy, bracing, or orthotic devices can help correct alignment issues and improve symptoms. In cases where surgical intervention is necessary, modern techniques and advancements in orthopedic surgery often yield excellent outcomes, with significant improvements in alignment and function.
It's essential for individuals with genu valgum to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs and goals. With proper care and management, many individuals with genu valgum can experience improved mobility, stability, and overall quality of life. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are important to ensure ongoing success and address any changes or concerns that may arise.
While some cases of genu valgum, commonly known as knock knees, may be influenced by genetic factors or developmental abnormalities that cannot be prevented, there are steps individuals can take to potentially reduce the risk or severity of the condition:
1. Maintain a healthy weight: Excess body weight can contribute to stress on the joints, including the knees, which may exacerbate alignment issues such as genu valgum.
2. Strengthen leg muscles: Strengthening the muscles around the knees, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, can help provide support and stability to the joint.
3. Address biomechanical abnormalities: Individuals with underlying biomechanical abnormalities, such as flat feet or overpronation, may be more prone to developing genu valgum.
Genu valgum, or knock knees, is a common condition that can affect individuals of all ages. While many cases resolve on their own, some may require intervention to prevent complications and improve quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to managing genu valgum effectively.
If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of genu valgum please contact Dr Shales and his team for a consultation.
