Bowed legs, also known as genu varum, is a condition where a child’s legs appear curved or bowed outward at the knee joint. It is a common condition in infants and toddlers as their bones are still developing and straightening out.
1. Physiological: Bowed legs can be a normal variation in infants as they start to walk. This usually corrects itself as the child grows older and the bones straighten out.
2. Rickets: A deficiency in vitamin D or calcium can lead to softening and weakening of the bones, causing bowed legs.
3. Blount’s Disease: This is a growth disorder that affects the tibia bone in the lower leg, causing it to curve outward, resulting in bowed legs.
4. Genetic Factors: In some cases, bowed legs can be inherited from one or both parents.
5. Orthopaedic Conditions: Certain orthopaedic conditions or injuries can also lead to bowed legs.
1. Visible Curvature: The most obvious symptom is the outward curvature of the legs at the knee joint.
2. Gait Abnormalities: Children with bowed legs may have an awkward or wobbly gait.
3. Knee or Leg Pain: Generally bowed legs are painless but in some cases, bowed legs can cause discomfort or pain, particularly as the child becomes more active.
1. Physical Examination: A paediatrician or Orthopaedic specialist will perform a physical examination to assess the degree of curvature and rule out any other underlying conditions.
2. Imaging Studies: X-rays may be ordered to visualise the bones and confirm the diagnosis.
1. Observation: If the bowed legs are deemed to be within the normal range for a child’s age and are not causing any functional issues, observation may be recommended.
2. Bracing: Recent literature shows that bracing for most patients with genu varum is not effective.
3. Medication: Where bowed legs are caused by a medical issue (Ricketts) medication may be prescribed under the supervision of Paediatrician or Endocrinologist.
4. Surgery: In rare cases where other treatments are ineffective or if there is a significant deformity, surgery may be recommended to realign the bones
There is normal range when it comes the alignment of the lower limbs. In particular, as a child grows there limbs may go from being bowed, to knock kneed, then back to straight as they develop and grow. As a general rule patients who require surgery for correction do very well.
Bowed legs are a common condition in children and often resolve on their own as the child grows older. Ensuring adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium can help prevent rickets and promote healthy bone development.
In conclusion, genu varum, commonly known as bowlegs, is a condition that can affect individuals of all ages. While it is often a normal part of a child's development, persistent or severe cases may require medical attention. Through early detection, appropriate monitoring, and, if necessary, treatment, individuals with genu varum can experience improved mobility and overall quality of life. It is important for individuals and caregivers to remain informed about the condition and to consult with an Orthopaedic surgeon for personalised guidance and support. With proper care and management, individuals with genu varum can continue to lead active and fulfilling lives.
